What Happens to a Grain When it is Milled?

Do you like cakes? You must love them, but have you ever wondered about the story behind the flour that is used to create such a heavenly sweet thing? Well, wheat is what converts into flour and then into your cake.

Wheat is an essential part of our diet without which no Indian’s food is complete! But do you know where it comes from?

Do you like cakes? You must love them, but have you ever wondered about the story behind the flour that is used to create such a heavenly sweet thing? Well, wheat is what converts into flour and then into your cake.
Wheat is an essential part of our diet without which no Indian’s food is complete! But do you know where it comes from? The thing is when grain is ground in a flour mill machine, it converts into wheat. The wheat grinding machines are basically the connector that makes the whole process of this transformation complete.
So, today, we are going to know what actually happens to a grain when it is milled by a flour mill machine. Take a look:

There are hundreds of varieties of wheat that are milled in the mill plants. During the milling process, the various parts of the wheat grain are used to create different flour types.

The days of milling process that involved grinding the grains of wheat between the two large wheels are long gone. Now, the modern wheat grinding machines do the whole job. It consists of steel rollers that sit a bit apart from each other.

The wheat is first cleaned and conditioned which is then blended. Here, different kinds of wheat are combined to produce a mix that can, later on, create a fine quality of flour.

During the milling process, the wheat grain gets fragmented into various parts that are separated when it is passed through the arrangement of sieves that is quite a bit complex. The wheat is not crushed but rather split open to separate its two skins.

The white endosperm particles of wheat are known as semolina that is further channeled into deduction rolls for final milling where it converts into white flour. The wholemeal flour has all the parts of grain while brown flour doesn’t include any wheat germ and has also less amount of bran.
During this modern milling process, the bran particles are removed from the endosperm. The endosperm is grounded into the flour while ground stock gets sifted. The final part of the whole milling process is sifting after which the flour is automatically packed into the bags that are then sent to the shops for the selling. The leftover part that is bran is sometimes used as an animal feeder or in breakfast cereals.

At these milling plants, proper inspections and tests are made for the healthy production of flour. However, the heating processes destroy any pathogens present in the flour and reduce the risk of foodborne illness.
The nutritional value of the flour is not at all determined by the method of milling but if it is wholemeal, brown or white.

 

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Raise Your Production With Best Rice Mill Machines

Whether it is North India or South India, rice is the indispensable diet of almost all the people throughout the country and the world. Rice is widely grown in several places and needs processing before placing on the market for sale. This processing of rice has been done for several years in the past and has a wide turnover every year.

Whether it is North India or South India, rice is the indispensable diet of almost all the people throughout the country and the world. Rice is widely grown in several places and needs processing before placing on the market for sale. This processing of rice has been done for several years in the past and has a wide turnover every year. About 8.5 millions of paddy is processed every year in several units across the country.

If you already have a Rice Mill Plant then we can raise your production with the best rice mill machines. Rice mill plants can be set up easily with the help of rice mill consultants and one can buy automated rice mill machinery and set up in the space we have. Rice processing machines remove the husk of the paddy and polish the grain so that it can be used by humans. The automatic rice mill has made the process quite simple nowadays and the mill runs very smoothly and perfectly with this latest technology infused machines.

In the old traditional methods of processing rice, the owners faced several issues like labor problems or irregular polishing, but with these latest technology plants, mill owners get the superb outcome and amazing quality of polished rice that is graded exactly according to its size and color. Modern machinery plants are infused with state of the art machinery that is apt to run the mill with less labor and produces high quality and quantity within a short period of time. We can choose from numerous types of modern rice mill plant layouts; however, the best-preferred one is the Enberg type mill. If a person thinks that he has little or no knowledge in this field, then you can consult the experts that are specialized in helping you to set up a rice processing plant.

These processing plants are easy to run as there is a great demand for rice throughout the world and the automated plant is sure to progress smoothly with less repair and perfect yield. You can attain the entire knowledge of rice mill and its set up machinery from rice mill consultant companies and machinery providers after getting the entire project made. Proper planning is required along with space and capital before setting up the mill along with the sourcing of raw material.

If you have space and the finances required to set up and run the plant then Nextech Solutions are experts which help you to set up a rice processing plant that is automatic and has high-class machinery that processes the rice of high quality. With the use of very less labor, the rice is sorted out with great perfection and the results are amazing. These mills can be set up near the fields of rice by farmers and there will be fewer complications as the transportation of paddy will be easier and the mill can run smoothly with raw material near it. Your production of rice is sure to rise a great deal with the latest type of machines that are automatic and you can purchase them from Nextech solutions.

 

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Rice Mill Consultants Can Help You Putting Up a Modern Plant

Rice is a staple food for numerous people around the world and it is an important crop that is attained by pounding paddy in the rice processing plant. The Latest rice mill technology is used in putting up modern rice mills that use state of the art technology and machinery for the manufacturing process of rice.

Rice is a staple food for numerous people around the world and it is an important crop that is attained by pounding paddy in the rice processing plant. The Latest rice mill technology is used in putting up modern rice mills that use state of the art technology and machinery for the manufacturing process of rice. This process, in rice mills nowadays is completely automatic and continuous and constitutes of Paddy’s Cleaning, Hulling, Whitening, Polishing, Sorting, Grading, and packaging. During the cleaning process of paddy, the product is cleared of stones, dust, mud and immature paddy to make it clean and clear. In the latest rice processing plants, the quality of rice produced is of high quality, elongated and cooks well which is why consumers demand it repeatedly.

Rice in raw form is not meant to be eaten by human beings, which is why it needs to be milled and processed before cooking. The paddy is processed so that it becomes free of all the impurities and becomes edible. In the process, the husk and rice bran are removed so that white rice kernel can be obtained and becomes ready for consumption. The latest rice processing units have several stages involved in cleaning the rice like pre-cleaning, de-stoning, de-husking, separating paddy, whitening the rice, polishing it, grading on the basis of length and packaging.

Rice milling in today’s world is in great demand as half of the populace around the world consumes rice. It is a great business which can be successfully set up with the help of rice mill project consultants. The business is profitable, financially and commercially, however, you require adequate skill, knowledge, and investment in setting it up. There are numerous basmati rice plant consultants that can provide you with enough knowledge and guide you through the steps on how to start a rice mill business. There are certain things which you must know before setting up a modern automatic plant that produces high-quality rice for the consumers.

Once the paddy is brought into mills, it is put into hoppers which distribute it into different towers based on sizes and then the damp rice is dried by heat or air and makes it improved. The rice is then stored protectively by the units to keep it safe from rodents, fungus or insects, and bad weather conditions. Later the rice is sent to the milling machine where it is processed to become fit for consumption. Once the processing is done, rice is packed in plastic bags and sent to the retailers.

If you are planning to set up a rice processing unit and require a rice mill machinery consultant, then Nextech Grain processing & Engineering Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is expert consultants that can help you in setting up the unit as they are well experienced in the field of grain and seed industry. You will get high-quality work with utmost satisfaction through the company regarding rice milling and storage silo and will reap great benefits once the business is set up. They will provide you with the latest machinery and equipment which are based on latest technology.

 

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Raw Paddy Drying Solutions by Nextech

By “drying” is meant the phase of the post-harvest system during which the product is rapidly dehydrated to a so-called “backup” moisture. This desiccation is intended to sufficiently reduce the moisture content of the grain to ensure favorable conditions for storage or subsequent processing of the product.

By “drying” is meant the phase of the post-harvest system during which the product is rapidly dehydrated to a so-called “backup” moisture. This desiccation is intended to sufficiently reduce the moisture content of the grain to ensure favorable conditions for storage or subsequent processing of the product.

It is possible to obtain the drying of the products by circulating more or less hot air in a mass of grains. In its movement, the air gives heat to the grains, absorbing moisture from the most superficial layers.

The water present in the surface layers of the grains evaporates much more efficiently and more rapidly than that of the inner layers.

It is therefore much more difficult to lower the water content of a product from 25% to 15% than from 35% to 25%. It would be wrong to think that this difficulty can be overcome by carrying out a rapid drying at a high temperature. Indeed, such drying conditions generate internal tensions, producing small cracks that can lead to breakage of grains during subsequent treatments.

For the drying of grains, the methods employed are, in essence, two in number:
– Natural drying
– Artificial drying

Both have advantages and disadvantages, and there is no ideal way to meet all needs.

Natural Drying

The method of natural paddy dryer, to which the techniques illustrated in the section on pre-drying operations also relate, consists essentially in exposing the beaten products to the air (in the sun or the shade). To obtain the desired moisture content, the grains are spread in thin layers over a drying area, where they are exposed to air (in the sun or the shade) for a maximum of 10-15 days. To promote uniform drying, the seeds should frequently be stirred, especially if they are exposed to direct sunlight. In addition, for the drying to be sufficient, the relative humidity of the ambient air must not exceed 70%.

Artificial Drying

The introduction of high-yielding crop varieties and the gradual mechanization of agriculture now make it possible to harvest large quantities of grain in a short period. In the tropical and subtropical humid zones, given the unfavorable weather conditions at the time of harvest, it is often difficult to safeguard the quality of the products.

To meet the need to increase agricultural production, it is, therefore, necessary to dry the products in a relatively short time, and whatever the ambient conditions. Thus, paddy dryer plant must be used. This method consists essentially in subjecting the grains to a forced ventilation of more or less heated air. It requires the use of individual devices called “dryers.”

Artificial Raw Paddy Dryer

From the point of view of construction, the essential elements of a rice dryer machine are:

– the dryer body, which contains the grains to be dried;
– The hot air generator, which allows heating the air drying;
– The fan, which allows the circulation of drying air in the grain mass.

For the artificial drying of the grains, two types of dryers are used:

– Static or batch dryers;
– Continuous dryers.
The former is inexpensive and only treat small quantities of grain; they are therefore more suited to the needs of small and medium-sized collection and processing centers.

As for the latter, they are high flow paddy drying technology that requires more complex infrastructure, additional equipment and especially a particular planning and organization. They are therefore more suitable for large centers, silos or shops, where very large quantities of product are processed. Nextech Agri Solutions is a reliable brand if you want to purchase agricultural solutions.

 

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Why Rice Mill Plant need a Consultant?

While ignoring the barriers of the income as well as the living standards of the people living in the state, country or city, rice is one of the grains that are affordable by the large population in any country. Besides, rice is stable food in most of the Asian countries. This is clear by now that a huge amount of quantity of this food item is traded to other countries, where the production is low.

While ignoring the barriers of the income as well as the living standards of the people living in the state, country or city, rice is one of the grains that are affordable by the large population in any country. Besides, rice is stable food in most of the Asian countries. This is clear by now that a huge amount of quantity of this food item is traded to other countries, where the production is low.

Now the question arises that with the right rice milling machine, we can easily produce a picture where the high output, productivity and market efficiency of the mills are required. This credit for mass production definitely goes to the rice mill consultants. These professionals are hired in large number by various mill merchants who aim for better output and working.

With the presence of milling consultants, the production and quality of the crops levels get higher. Their presence makes a big difference in the working procedures and environment. Here is how the rice mill plant consultant are a necessity these days:

Being a rice industry specialist, they help the customers with the right choice of business. This implies that irrespective of customer needs to begin the cultivation business, discount, dealership, and retail rice offering business.

Obviously, the beginning of rice plant is productive and various organization take attainable study and stage as the initial step in order to guarantee the benefits to the business. Rice mill consultants facilitate the clients with the fundamental components. For instance, prerequisite arrival, outlining and development, assets and other factors that influence the day to day working of rice machine and mills.

The need of perfect land piece and its determination is fundamental as most of the plant proprietors require highly stable capacity zone for this purpose that by now, has been processed and will be processed without much ado. Expert rice consultants have a vision to this, they make deals and perform various troublesome exercise and choose right rice processing machine. They are held responsible to consider the land zone where the production will take place.

Furthermore, the design and development are vital to accomplishing the gigantic benefits from the rice processing business. Factories and mills, under their guidance, out to produce in such a way that they permit smooth and fulfilling operations along within the arranged space. Stores and Godowns are outlined and create so as to store crude paddies and arranging the rice securely.
The consultants also take care of cleaning units, parboiling domains and various fragments reserved suitably.

Keeping up with the high rice milling equipment alongside the desired amount of production is an errand for the proprietors. These two variables add advantage to the era ability of the business. The rice mill consultants set their attention in the right direction while fitting into the interests in the rice processing hardware. They generally prescribe another rice milling process machine. In the present day, the interests, machinery, and technology offer vital protection, simple upkeep process, the higher efficiency with decreased generation cost and improved productivity of the rice mill plants.

Nextech agri solutions is an all-inclusive agriculture machinery and solution providers for grains and seed industry. They provide high-quality assistance and machinery for rice mills and others.

 

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How to select excellent Rice Machine and Layout Planning

The main diet of nearly 65% of India’s population is rice. To remove rice from it, it has to be processed. The crushing of rice is the process through which its husk and bran are separated from the grains of paddy, which gives the polished rice. It is one of the oldest professions of India and its turnover is more than 25,500 crore rupees per year.

The main diet of nearly 65% of India’s population is rice. To remove rice from it, it has to be processed. The crushing of rice is the process through which its husk and bran are separated from the grains of paddy, which gives the polished rice.

It is one of the oldest professions of India and its turnover is more than 25,500 crore rupees per year. Das is processing 8.5 million tons of paddy every year. More than 60% of the country’s population receives grains and other valuable products from the main food grains. Danes are mixed with rice grains or boiled rice. Apart from this, a large number of unregistered alluring units also exist in the country.

Rice, the staple food of the Asian continent, can be stored in the shell until it should be used as food. At that stage, a Rice Mill Plant can remove the hard husk and polish the grain. This system makes it possible to keep the mill in operation throughout the year, provided that paddy rice stocks are available. Traditional rice processing, in essence, does not compete with mechanical milling, so mill owners will not have an impact on the local balance of labor, even though dietary habits may be affected.

While it is possible to choose between different types of Rice Mill Layout, the national preferences may determine that the best option is an under-runner disc mill or a mill with rubber rollers or an Engberg type mill. Often the choice depends on the ability to share existing knowledge and experience, as well as the speed with which practical skills can be obtained to support the operation in the event of problems. For example, the “under-runner” disk mill is very popular in the Indian subcontinent.

On the other hand, there is some pressure to adopt the Rice Mill Design with rubber rollers, since the latter throws a smaller amount of broken grains. In the absence of such preferences or limitations, the author would suggest that the Engberg mill is the best alternative for processing on a rural scale. This mill has a relatively low cost, is firm and easy to repair. Likewise, has few moving parts subject to wear and produces an acceptable quality of rice.

Finally, the knowledge necessary to operate and maintain this machine is not difficult to obtain. Only the smallest domestic machines are operated manually; others run on a diesel engine, which can be a significant brake on some locations. If we consider that the approximate cost of a new engine and mill is the US $ 3 000, a very high sum for a subsistence farmer, it is clear that it is necessary to plan carefully. Large producers.

In general, farmers have been the potential target market for Rice Mill Consultant, since they have the opportunity to evaluate the added value of processing the grain and, also, can install this machinery in their farms without major complications. They can build a small facility and hire someone or resort to a family member to operate the mill.

On the other hand, they can reassign part of their usual tasks to concentrate on processing, a task that requires operation and administration skills. It is likely that most farmers want to keep an article that represents such a large investment under their personal control- a task that requires operational and management skills.

 

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The Benefits of Eating Parboiled Rice

Most of us know that rice is one of the most consumed foods on this planet and more than 50% of its human population relies on rice as its staple food item. Of the many, amazing varieties of rice used globally, one is parboiled rice. This moniker might fool you into believing that it is a pre-cooked/boiled variety, but that is just not the case.

Most of us know that rice is one of the most consumed foods on this planet and more than 50% of its human population relies on rice as its staple food item. Of the many, amazing varieties of rice used globally, one is parboiled rice. This moniker might fool you into believing that it is a pre-cooked/boiled variety, but that is just not the case. It is just processed differently from other rice varieties and the resultant rice is cooked and served just like other varieties of rice.

As opposed to the most consumed rice variety, i.e. the white rice, which is processed by removing the hull, the parboiled variety retains the hull, and is hydrated and steamed during its processing. This lets the grains retain the nutrition provided by the bran layer. This steaming process causes the vitamins and mineral to migrate from the bran to the rice kernel.

This practice of parboiling rice was widespread in southern India along with a few Southeast Asian countries before it caught favour with the western nations. Let’s now discuss how healthy this parboiled variety of rice is:

Carbohydrates

Parboiled rice has almost double the fiber content than the most consumed white rice. A single cup of parboiled rice is a source of 41 grams of total carbohydrates, which is about a third of our daily carbohydrate requirement. This same amount of parboiled rice satiates 4-6% of our daily fiber need. Moreover, the carbohydrates in this variety do not cause a surge in the blood sugar level due to their low glycemic score of 38, which is more than twice as low as that of white rice.

B Vitamins

The parboiled variety is a rich source of B vitamins, niacin and thiamine. When combined, these vitamins digest the sugar and help convert the carbohydrate into energy. B vitamins in parboiled rice also help you create neurotransmitters and hormones.

Minerals

A cup of parboiled rice provides around 3% of our daily requirement of calcium, magnesium, iron and potassium. Your body also gets about 5-7% of your daily zinc requirement. These help your body in forming the protein structure and regulate DNA. It also saves your immune system from getting impaired.

Folate

Folate or Vitamin B9 helps our body metabolize amino acids and nucleic acid. These are used to make protein and DNA respectively. Parboiled rice serves as an amazing source of folate. Eating parboiled rice ensures that our homocysteine levels stay normal, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. A cup of parboiled rice provides us with more than 200 micrograms of folate, which is slightly more than 50% of our daily requirement.

Parboiled rice is very similar to brown rice. All those familiar with brown rice know that it’s slightly more difficult to digest, as compared to white rice. This is mainly due to the starch not getting broken down so easily. This is, however, not the case with parboiled rice. The starch in this variety is more gelatinized, due to the hydration and steaming process.

To know more about the various such rice varieties and their health implications, make sure you keep following Nextech Agri Solution.

 

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Importance of Modern Rice Mill Machinery

Factually speaking, India is the largest producer and exporter of Basmati rice and one of the largest exporters of rice, in general. Rice milling is perhaps the oldest and also the biggest agro-processing industry in the country.
As it was last determined, India had a turnover of more than Rs. 25,000 cr/year and had the capacity to process approximately 85,000 tonnes of paddy each year, in turn, providing the staple food item to more than 60% of its population.

Factually speaking, India is the largest producer and exporter of Basmati rice and one of the largest exporters of rice, in general. Rice milling is perhaps the oldest and also the biggest agro-processing industry in the country.

As it was last determined, India had a turnover of more than Rs. 25,000 cr/year and had the capacity to process approximately 85,000 tonnes of paddy each year, in turn, providing the staple food item to more than 60% of its population.

When a country witnesses economic growth along with a situation of stable supply, we see a shift in the customer preference. Their demand shifts from quantity to quality and security. If we shift our focus on modern countries, we get to see that those nations are trying and consolidating their rice milling operations into large milling facilities, whereas most of the small and medium scale milling facilities are dying away.

This clearly proves that people over there are more critical of rice quality. This growing consciousness in the rice milling market would ultimately lead to bigger, more sophisticated machinery.

Developing countries, on the other hand, face a distinct challenge of sustained productivity. In the business environment, sustained production comes across as the biggest challenge rice milling units face.

So, how can we get over this one of the most critical challenges? Well, by streamlining and automating work processes. This is the only way to enhance productivity and reach a stage of sustained productivity.

Modern, automated rice milling machines not only have more reasonable designs but also have higher milling efficiency. The quality of milling operations straightaway determines the rice output’s quality, whiteness, milling degree, grain dimensions, etc. Using modern rice milling technology can let the rice millers cater to the exact customer demand on quantity as well as quality.

Today, most of the developing nations like India, China, Nigeria, etc, owing to the low-entry barrier and high profitability have grown swiftly. However, their lack of updated processing techniques and rearward equipment is hindering the development of their country’s rice industry, as a whole.

While the surge in population has created a demand for increasing the productivity, there have been numerous cases of grain loss due to inefficient, obsolete milling equipment. Developing, rice-producing nations are said to lose about 10% of their yield each year. And this calls for an improved, automated rice milling and processing machinery.

If you’re one of those farmers suffering from the lack of adequate milling infrastructure, make sure you get in touch with Nextech Agri Solutions Pvt. Ltd. It’s an Indian-based rice milling consultant with years of experience in the rice milling industry.

 

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Rice Plantation and its Growth

As such, the rice production cycle is divided into 3 distinct stages. These are pre-planting, growth and post-production. In one of our previous blogs, we thoroughly discussed the initial stage of rice production, i.e. the pre-planting process.

As such, the rice production cycle is divided into 3 distinct stages. These are pre-planting, growth and post-production. In one of our previous blogs, we thoroughly discussed the initial stage of rice production, i.e. the pre-planting process.

With this blog, we’d now move to the next step of rice production process, which is the growth stage. The rice growth stage includes 5 different processes. These are:

  • Rice plantation
  • Water management
  • Managing nutrients
  • Weed control
  • Disease and pest management

 

1. Rice Planting

Rice planting begins once the land has been prepared. As such, in rice farming, 4 different methods of cultivation exist.

These are mentioned as follows:

    • Direct seeding or broadcasting: Broadcasting involves sowing the seeds directly by hand and is suitable for areas with infertile soil and dry land.

 

    • Transplanting: Practiced where the soil fertility is optimum, transplanting is the most popular seed establishing method. It involves the transfer of pre-germinated seedlings from seedbed to the main field.

 

    • Drilling: Confined to peninsular locations, this method only requires 2 persons; one for ploughing land and the other for planting seeds.

 

  • Japanese technique: The Japanese method requires seeds to be sown on raised nursery beds which should further be transplanted in rows. It requires timely fertigation, i.e. injecting fertilizers and other chemicals into the soils, and weeding and is only used for high-yield rice varieties.

 

2. Water Management

Everyone involved in the process of rice production knows that rice of extremely sensitive to water shortage. Generally, rice is grown in fields that are continuously flooded for at least 10 days, almost a week until beginning the harvest. This is particularly important for lowland rice. This constant flooding ensures water sufficiency while controlling weeds.

Since there is a global shortage of water, it’s important to follow water management practices like constructing field channels, prepare and level land, and construct bunds.

3. Manage Nutrients

During the growth stage, rice plants require nutrients to grow and develop. Also, applying nutrients to the crop is also one of the most crucial steps for improving soil fertility and prevents nutrient imbalance in the field.

4. Weed Management

To prevent yield losses, bring down production cost and maintain grain quality, it’s fairly important to prevent and control weeds. Since weeds compete equally for sunlight, water and nutrients, it becomes all the more important to prevent them. Not just during the crop growth, weed management should be practiced during land preparation and in the nursery as well.

5. Disease and Pest Management

Weed is not the only enemy that we face during rice production; the rice plant faces a lot of foes during its growth. These are insects, rodents, viruses and diseases. On an average, each year, farmers lose about 37% of their crops to diseases and pests. It is, therefore, important for farmers to understand how pests and other enemies interact with crops and come up with necessary management practices.

They need to:

  • Clean the field and farming equipment
  • Use pest resistant varieties
  • Avoid over fertilizing
  • Implement natural pest inhibitors
  • Refrain from applying pesticides during the initial 40 days of seed planting

For detailed information on the above-mentioned steps and any other information on rice growth, rice milling and rice storage, one should contact Nextech Agri Solutions, a New Delhi based rice planting and rice milling consultant.

 

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The Complete Rice Production Cycle

Generally, rice plants take about 3 to 6 months to grow from seedlings to reach maturity, mostly varying according to the environmental conditions and undergo 3 distinct growth phases, which are vegetative, reproductive and ripening.
As such, rice varieties across the world are categorized into 2 groups based on their growth duration.

Generally, rice plants take about 3 to 6 months to grow from seedlings to reach maturity, mostly varying according to the environmental conditions and undergo 3 distinct growth phases, which are vegetative, reproductive and ripening.

As such, rice varieties across the world are categorized into 2 groups based on their growth duration. There is a short-duration variety maturing in 100 to 120 days and a longer when taking about 150 days.

Let’s now take a look at how rice is grown:

1. Seed Quality Analysis & Selection

To realize the yield potential, a seed must be grown, harvested and finally processed justly. Also, healthy, good-quality seeds carry the potential of increasing the yield by 20%. Some of the benefits of using good quality seeds are:
– Decreased seeding rates
– Increased crop emergence
– The decreased need for replanting
– Vigorous early growth
– Increased resistance to pests, insects and natural diseases
– Reduced weed growth

A good seed is one which is pure, i.e. coming from single variety, uniform in size, viable and free of pathogens, insects and seed-borne diseases.

2. Land Preparation

It’s mandatory to prepare the land and render it suitable for planting seeds. The soil, before planting, should be in the best physical condition if one expects an optimum plant growth. Essentially, land preparation involves plowing, digging up or harrowing to till and leveling the soil.

3. Crop Establishment

There are two common practices for planting rice seeds. These are:
– Direct seeding: Done either by hand or machine, direct seeding involves broadcasting pre-germinated/dry seeds. Generally, dry seeds are manually planted into the soil in ecosystems that are rain-fed, while pre-germinated seeds are planted in areas with dry soil.

– Transplanting: More popular of the two, transplanting involves the transfer of pre-germinated seeds from seedbed to wet fields. Although it requires less seeds and is a particularly effective method to control weeds, it is labour intensive.

4. Water & Nutrient Management

Since rice is grown in bunded fields which are flooded for up-to 10 days prior to the harvest, it’s fairly easy to determine that rice is extremely sensitive to water shortage. Contributing to this fact is its semi-aquatic ancestry. Keep in mind the following water management tips for maximum rice yields:
– Construct field channels
– Optimum land preparation
– Leveling the soil
– Construct bunds to limit any water loss

It’s also important to keep in mind that rice plant requires different nutrition at different stages. Nutrition management is a chief component of rice production.

5. Crop Health

Globally, farmers annually lose about 35% of their crops to plant diseases and pests. Rodents, insects, viruses, weeds, etc. are arch nemesis of rice plant. It’s important for rice farmers to understand how the crops interact with the pests and avoid such conditions. Certain tips that could help are:
– Land and water management
– Hand weeding
– Herbicides
– Good cleaning of farming equipments
– Pest resistant seed varieties

6. Harvest

Harvesting involves the collection of mature rice plants. AS we’ve discussed above, rice crops generally take 100 to 150 days to mature, depending on their growth duration. To minimize grain damage and for maximum yield, it’s mandatory to involve good harvesting techniques. It can be done either manually or using a combine harvester. Harvesting includes:
– Reaping
– Threshing
– Cleaning
– Hauling
– Field drying
– Stacking
– Packaging

 

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